Metacarpal Fractures

Metacarpal fracture is a condition characterized by the breakage or dislocation of the long hand bones called metacarpals that form the skeleton of the palm. Metacarpal fractures can damage associated soft tissues such as cartilage, ligament, tendons, joint capsule, as well as adjoining nerves.

The hand is composed of 3 types of bones – carpals or wrist bones, metacarpals or long hand bones, and phalanges or finger bones. Metacarpals consist of five long bones that connect the carpals with the phalanges. Structurally, metacarpal bones can be divided into four parts- base, shaft, neck, and head.

Metacarpal fractures need immediate treatment that include proper alignment and casting of the bones to ensure proper healing. In severe cases surgery may be recommended.

Causes of Metacarpal Fractures

The common causes involved in metacarpal fractures include:

• Directly falling on the hand.
• Trauma or direct impact to the hand.
• Punching a hard object.

The main symptoms that arise from metacarpal fractures are pain and swelling along with bruising in the inner or outer palm area; Misalignment or deformity may be visible. Pain may be intense with movement of the hand. Metacarpal fracture can even affect the movement of the fingers.

Diagnosis of Metacarpal Fractures

The diagnosis of metacarpal fracture includes physical examination and X-ray of the hand to confirm the exact location of the fracture. In cases of complex fractures, other imaging techniques such as CT scan and MRI may also be necessary.

Treatment of Metacarpal Fractures

Metacarpal fracture or dislocation can be treated non-surgically by aligning the fractured bones and checking the movement of fingers, under local anesthesia. The fractured hand is wrapped with forearm-based splints or a cast to immobilize the bone to promote natural healing. A follow-up X-ray can be taken to confirm the alignment and healing process. Physical therapy is recommended to regain the strength and movement of the hand. Complete healing may take 3-4 weeks. In severe cases, surgical repair of the hand fracture may be indicated.